Shell Commands with Patterns / Wildcards
http://www.guckes.net/talks/workshop.regex.txt

2007-10-10 Mi
Latest change: Wed Oct 10 03:00:00 CEST 2007

= Aufgaben einer Shell =

! * Wildcard substitution in file names (pattern matching)
  * Background processing
  * Command aliasing
  * Command history
  * File name substitution
  * Input and output redirection
  * Piping
  * Shell variable substitution

hier nur:
! * Wildcard substitution in file names (pattern matching)

= Wildcards =

Wildcards:
?       matches a single character                   (regex: ".")
*       matches any string - including null string!  (regex: ".*")

Sets:
[...]   a "set" - matches the list of enclosed characters
[!...]  a "complement set" - matches all
        characters other than those listed

Classes:
[[:class:]]     characters class, ie one of these:
                alnum alpha blank cntrl digit graph
                lower print punct space upper xdigit

= echo =

echo *

objekte mit extension ".c":
echo *.c

"*" passt auch auf das leere wort:
echo A*
-> A ABC.doc Arbeitslosenversicherungsbeitrag.txt

echo ?
a b c X Y Z

= ls =

ls -l  *
ls -l  *.txt
ls -l  foo*.txt
ls -l  *foo*

ls -ld dir*

ls -l  {a,b}.txt
ls -l  {a,b,c,d}.txt
ls -l  {a,b,c,d}*.txt

ls -l  {abc,bcdefg,foo}*.txt

ls -l  [aeiou]*.txt
ls -l  [bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]*.txt
ls -l  [^aeiou]*.txt

ls -l  [b-df-hj-np-tv-z]*.txt

[a-zA-ZäöüßÄÖÜ]
[[:alpha:]]
[-aeiou]

sonderbedeutung aufheben:
\* \?

= misc =

chmod 644 *.jpg
421421421
110100100
rw-r--r--

grep wort *.txt
grep $muster *.txt
grep '[aeiou][nks]' *.txt

  ak ek ik ok uk
  an en in on un
  as es is os us

mv subdir/* .
less *.txt
scp file... user@host:dir/
scp /etc/host* /etc/prog/* user@host:backup/

= mmv =

Morning has broken.mp3
Morning_has_broken.mp3

mmv '* *' '#1_#2'
fuer objekte mit mehreren leerzeichen
sind erneute anwendungen noetig.

MMV1='mmv '\''img_????.jpg'\'' '\''img_2#1#2#3#4.jpg'\'
MMV2='mmv '\''IMG_????.JPG'\'' '\''img_2#1#2#3#4.jpg'\'

      mmv    'img_????.jpg'       'img_2#1#2#3#4.jpg'
      mmv    'IMG_????.JPG'       'img_2#1#2#3#4.jpg'

img_????.jpg    img_2#1#2#3#4.jpg
img_123.jpg
img_22345.jpg

img_0815.jpg img_20815.jpg
IMG_4711.JPG img_24711.jpg

= Variablen =

files=`ls -1 | wc -l`
echo $files
23

= History =

!!
!$
!*
!-2
!prefix

ls -l  `!!`
ls -l $(!!)

$ echo $(( 5*60*60 + 42*60 + 23 ))
20543

$ factor `!!`
factor `echo $(( 5*60*60 + 42*60 + 23 ))`
20543: 20543

$ ls -l a.doc b.txt c.mpg
$ rm -f !*

$ !ssh

= Zsh =

readable files:
ls -l *(.R)

non-executable files:
ls -l *(.^X)

list 10 new/old files only:
alias llfnew='ls -rtl *(.) | tail '
alias llfold='ls  -tl *(.) | tail '

a legal command substance:
alias lsd='ls -ldF *(/)'
example: cd /etc; lsd

files with capital letters only:
alias lAZ='$PAGER [A-Z]*'

apply only to subdirs:
alias dusch='du -sch'
example: dusch *(/)

recursion:
chmod 644 **/*(.^R)

spaces to underscores:
zmv '* *' '$f:gs/ /_'

inline expansion von mustern:
$ rm -f **/*.txt(TAB)

= Links =

Shell Command Language
http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/xcu_chap02.html

Variable and File Name Substitution in the Bourne Shell
http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/aix/aixuser/usrosdev/var_file_name_subst_bourne.htm#A27991222

more:

Basic Unix Shell Commands
http://bobcares.com/article35.html

Six useful shell commands for web developers
http://muffinresearch.co.uk/archives/2006/10/16/
six-useful-shell-commands-for-web-developers/

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide
http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/index.html

THPXRF
EOF